A new anisotane-type sesquiterpene from Anisodus tanguticus / 药学学报

To investigate the chemical constituents of Anisodus tanguticus, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents from the extract of A. tanguticus. The planar structure of the isolated compound was identified by HRMS, IR, and 2D NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of the isolated compound was determined by a combination of NOESY, coupling constant, circular dichroism (CD), and transition metal chelate reagent dimolybdenum tetraacetate [Mo2(OAc)4]-induced circular dichroism (ICD) data analysis. A new compound of the anisotane-type sesquiterpene (1) was isolated, which was determined to be (1R,2S,3R,4R,6R,7R,9R)-anisotane-11(13)-ene-3,4,9-triol and named anisotanol F. This is the second report of anisotane-type sesquiterpene, which has previously been reported as a novel sesquiterpenoid skeleton by our research group. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity against HUVECs and inhibitory effect on NO release in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells of compound 1 were investigated. However, the results showed that it was inactive. Compound 1 is a new compound isolated from A. tanguticus. It belongs to the unusual anisotane-type sesquiterpene. This result enriches the chemical composition of A. tanguticus.

A preliminary pharmacophylogenetic study of Solanaceae medicinal plants containing tropane alkaloids / 中国中药杂志

The Solanaceae plants distributed in China belong to 105 species and 35 varietas of 24 genera. Some medicinal plants of Solanaceae are rich in tropane alkaloids(TAs), which have significant pharmacological activities. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, pharmacological activities, and biosynthetic pathways of TAs in Solanaceous plants were summarized. Besides, the phylogeny of medicinal plants belonging to Solanaceae was visualized by network diagram. Fourteen genera of Solanaceae plants in China contain TAs and have medical records. TAs mainly exist in Datura, Anisodus, Atropa, Physochlaina, and Hyoscyamus. The TAs-containing species were mainly concentrated in Southwest China, and the content of TAs was closely related to plant distribution area and altitude. The Solanaceae plants containing TAs mainly have antispasmodic, analgesic, antiasthmatic, and antitussive effects. Modern pharmacological studies have proved the central sedative, pupil dilating, glandular secretion-inhibiting, and anti-asthma activities of TAs. These pharmacological activities provide a reasonable explanation for the traditional therapeutic efficacy of tropane drugs. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, and modern pharmacological activities of TAs-containing species in Solanaceae were analyzed for the first time. Based on these data, the genetic relationship of TAs-containing Solanaceae species was preliminarily discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the basic research on TAs-containing solanaceous species and was of great significance for the development of natural medicinal plant resources containing TAs.

Coumarins from Leonurus japonicus and their anti-platelet aggregative activity / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of Leonurus japonicus were isolated and purified by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, and Rp C18. Structures of the isolates were determined by spectroscopic analysis as 10 coumarins: bergapten (1), xanthotoxin (2), isopimpinellin (3), isogosferal (4), imperatorin (5), meransin hydrate(6), isomeranzin(7), murrayone(8) , auraptenol(9), and osthol(10). In addition to compound 9, the others were isolated from the genus Leonurus for the first time. In the in vitro assay, compounds 4 and 8 significantly inhibited the abnormal increase of platelet aggregation induced by ADP.

Study on the sensitizing potential of shuanghuanglian injection using popliteal lymph node assay in C57BL/6J mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sensitizing potential of Shuanghuanglian Injection (SHL) by comparing the popliteal lymph node (PLN) response in mice induced by SHL and chemicals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty female C57BL/6J mice were equally and randomly divided into six groups, i.e. the blank control group (A) and five treated groups treated respectively with phenobarbital 1 mg/mouse (B), mercuric chloride ( HgCl2) 50 microg/mouse (C), D-penicillamine 2 mg/mouse (D), and SHL in low (1 mg/mouse) and high (5 mg/mouse) dosages (E and F) via subcutaneous injection into left pad of hind foot. Animals were sacrificed on the 8th day after injection, their bilateral PLNs were isolated and weighed respectively to calculate the PLN mass index (MI). Then the PLNs get from four mice in each group were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for histopathologic examination; the other six PLNs were prepared into single-cell suspensions to calculate cell index (CI) for comparing the changes of PLN in various groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MI and CI in Group F reached to > or = 2 and > or = 5 (average) respectively, which was higher than those in Group A (P<0.05). Pathological examination showed that the left PLN in Group F enlarged, with remarkable germinal center and increased high endothelial venules proliferation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SHL could induce significant PLN response in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting it has certain sensitizing potential.</p>

Expression of alpha, beta and gamma subunits of epithelial sodium channel in the cochlea and endolymphatic sac of guinea pig / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution and role of alpha, beta and gamma subunits of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the cochlea and endolymphatic sac of guinea pig.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of alpha-, beta- and gamma-ENaC subunits proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry with the specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies against the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of rat ENaC. Alpha-ENaC mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization with digoxin labeled cDNA probe.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All three subunits of ENaC, alpha-, beta- and gamma-, were widely distributed in the labyrinth. In the cochlea, strong labeling of alpha-ENaC protein was found in the spiral limbus, and to a less extent, in the spiral ligament, organ of Corti and Reissner's membrane. The immunoreactivity of beta-ENaC was observed in the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, spiral ganglion, organ of Corti and Reissner's membrane with a less intensity than that of alpha-ENaC. Gamma-ENaC was presented primarily in the superior part of the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, spiral ganglion, and weakly in the organ of Corti and Reissner's membrane. In the endolymphatic sac, intensive immunoreactivities of all three subunits were seen in the epithelial cells and the subepithelial cells at similar intensity. Alpha-ENaC mRNA was localized in the spiral limbus, the inferior part of spiral ligament, stria vascularis, and epithelial cells and subepithelial cells of endolymphatic sac.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different subunits of the ENaC expressed in various cell regions of the cochlea and endolymphatic sac in distinct patterns may form the functional sodium channel to regulate the endolymph, thus serve to maintain homeostasis in inner ear.</p>

Intraluminal enucleation in transurethral vaporization and electro-resection of the prostate / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intraluminal enucleation in transurethrat vapor- ization and electro-reesection of the prostate.Methods A retrospective analysis was reviewed in 62 case of prostatic hypertrophy,which were treated with intraluminal enucleation in vaporization of prostate.All pacients had a sucessful operation.There were 12 case in unipolar vaporization and 50 in plasmakenitic bipolar vaporization.Results Opera- tion time ranged from 50 to 162 minutes,with an average of 76min.Bleeding ranged from 40 to 200 ml,with an av- erage of 110ml.There was no blood transfusion.The weight of prostate was 62～138g,the catheter was maintained for 3～5 days postoperatively.The hospital stay was 7～10 days,average 8 days.All patients were cured.There was a fllow-up for 1～20 months,with an average of 8 months.The IPSS decreased by 22 points on average,and peak urine flow(Qmax)increasd to(16.8?3.3)ml/s.There wre no urethralstricture,permanent urinary incontinence, TURS,postoperative hemorrhage,retrograde ejaculation and recurrence.Conclusions Intraluminal enucleation in treatment of prostalic hypertroply is a new,safe,and effective method,which should be popularized in clinical prac- tice.

Comparative observation of protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure (BUP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hearing thresholds of the guinea pigs were assessed with auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The traumatic levels of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain were observed under stereo-microscope. The rate of outer hair cells (OHCs) loss was analyzed using a light microscope. The changes of guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug were compared with those of the control group without any protection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An important ABR threshold shift of the guinea pigs without any protection was detected from 8h to 14d after being exposed to BUP with a peak ranging from -64.5 kPa to -69.3 kPa ( P<0.01). The rate of perforation of tympanic membrane reached 87.5% and that of total OHCs loss was 19.46% +/- 5.38% at 14d after exposure. The guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate compared with the animals without any protection (P<0.01). All of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the protected animals maintained their integrities. Meanwhile, the guinea pigs protected with the barrel had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate than those with earplug (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The earplug and barrel have protective effects against BUP-induced trauma on auditory organs of the guinea pigs and the protective effects of barrel are better than those of earplug.</p>

Cloning of ACA gene promoter and preliminary study of its function / 生物工程学报

Using total DNA isolated from Amaranthus caudatus as the template, a DNA fragment of about 700bp upstream of the coding sequence of Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA) gene was amplified by TAIL-PCR and cloned. To examine the regulatory function of this DNA fragment, it was inserted into a plant expression vector containing GUS gene to substitute the CaMV 35S promoter and the resulted recombinant plasmid was designated as pBpAG. The expression vector pBpAG was transferred to different tissues of plants, via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vacuum condition. Transient expression of GUS in the transformed tissues was detected by histochemical GUS staining and the results showed that the GUS activity was expressed specifically in seeds. These preliminary results indicate that this DNA fragment upstream of the ACA coding sequence could very possibly be a promoter with seed specificity. Some putative cis-elements within the promoter were discussed.

Study on trauma of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To probe into the characteristics of traumatic effect of blast underpressure (BUP) on tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of guinea pigs exposed to blast underpressure. Methods The guinea pigs were exposed to experimental BUP generated by the underpressure generator and their tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules were observed with stereo-microscope.Results Most of the tympanic membranes in 72 guinea pigs (141 ears) presented with traumatic changes,such as engorgement,haemorrhage,epidermic desquamation and perforation,combined with fracture of ossicles in some guinea pigs.The traumatic severity of the tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules was related to the peak and the declinating duration of BUP.The minimum peak of the underpressure inducing perfo- ration was between-22.4kPa and-23.9kPa and the minimum peak inducing perforation of all the tym- panic membranes was between-83.1kPa and-87.2kPa.Conclusion The tympanic membrane in guinea pigs exposed to BUP changed traumatically,such as engorgement,haemorrhage,epidermic des- quamation,perforation and fracture of ossicles.The traumatic severity of the tympanic membranes and au- ditory ossicules is related to the peak and declinating duration of BUP.